NAFTA Traffic, Security Creates Long Lines At Border Bridges
The World Trade Bridge in Laredo, Texas is the most important commercial crossing along the southern border. About one third of all goods traded between the U.S. and Mexico travel through this port of entry. That equals about 5,000 trucks per day moving everything from cornflakes, to weed eaters, to Volkswagen Beetles.
Gene Garza is in charge field operations in South Texas for U.S. Customs and Border Protection.
"World Trade Bridge was actually opened in April 2000," Garza said. "Prior to that there was no bridge here, there was nothing out here, this was just farm land."
The bridge is a testament to the post-NAFTA boom when most tariffs between the United States and Mexico were eliminated. Since NAFTA, the number of trucks crossing through Laredo has tripled. But even before this bridge celebrated its 10th birthday, traffic had already outgrown capacity.
Last year border authorities nearly doubled the number of lanes to 15. Still, wait times can be inconsistent, which is a problem for manufacturers.
Carlo Jose is a Mexican driver who has been crossing trucks through this border for seven years.
"Sometimes it's difficult sometimes you spend five to six hours to cross the border," Jose said.
A five-hour-plus wait time is a worse case scenario. On good days, drivers may wait just one hour. If they are accredited under a Customs and Border Protection Trusted Traveler Program their wait could be less than an hour.
The main hold up at the border is security. After the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11, 2001, the inspection process at the border intensified. Every vehicle that crosses through U.S. borders is subject to a thorough screening. That could be an X-ray of both the truck and trailer, or a manual inspection where the entire contents of a trailer is unloaded and checked.
"We have to facilitate the commercial traffic coming in but we also have to make sure that our borders are secure," Garza said.
Infrastructure at the border also affects wait times. The biggest obstacle to updating the current ports of entry and building new ones is insufficient federal funding. It’s especially tough now when the country is recovering from an economic recession and Congress has failed to approve a new budget.
Chris Wilson researches binational trade for the Woodrow Wilson Center in Washington D.C.
“Customs and Border Protection has identified a $6 billion deficit between where we are now and where we need to be to keep up with all the people and goods that are flowing across the border everyday,” Wilson said.
There has been some progress. There’s a new commercial port of entry in Arizona and another under construction in West Texas. Other ports have added additional lanes and Trusted Traveler Programs have helped speed up inspection times. But it’s not enough. In the past two years binational trade has grown by a record 23 percent. Without the infrastructure to support that amount of trade, both countries lose out.
“It cuts into the competitiveness of manufacturing in North America," Wilson said. "It means that we have less jobs, less trade, less exports and those are things that are really important right now to our economy.”
In an effort to speed things along, some binational business leaders have begun to invest in infrastructure themselves.
"The truth of the matter is we cannot afford to wait for the federal government to allocate federal dollars for these important projects,” said Ruben Barrales, president of the San Diego Regional Chamber of Commerce.
One example of such a project is a privately funded non-commercial border crossing outside San Diego that's currently under construction. Once completed, it will link travelers directly to the Tijuana airport. It’s success may help determine the future of other privately funded commercial projects currently in the works.
